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Evidence Library · What you are owed

Where good advice turns into pressure

ACOG draws this line itself, in five words at the end of a paragraph.

Advice is not the enemy. A doctor who tells you plainly what she recommends, and why, is doing her job. ACOG says so directly.

From the section headed Directive Counseling Versus Coercion: Directive counseling is defined as patient counseling in which the obstetrician-gynecologist plays an active role in the patient's decision making by offering advice, guidance, recommendations, or some combination thereof. Coercion is defined as the practice of compelling someone to do something by using force or threats. Directive counseling often is appropriate and typically is welcomed in the medical encounter because medical recommendations, when they are not coercive, do not violate but rather enhance the requirements of informed consent. However, if a patient refuses the recommended course of care, it is vitally important that physicians recognize when they cross the line that separates directive counseling from coercion. Good intentions can lead to inappropriate behavior.

That last sentence is ACOG's own summary of the whole problem. Good intentions can lead to inappropriate behavior.

On what it means to consent freely, ACOG quotes its own earlier document, since replaced by the 2021 consent opinion: Consenting freely is incompatible with being coerced or unwillingly pressured by forces beyond oneself. It involves the ability to choose among options and select a course other than what may be recommended.

A test you can apply in the roomThis is my own formulation, built from ACOG's logic rather than quoted from it. Ask of any sentence a clinician says to you: does this change what I know, or does it change what I am willing to ask for?

The first is counselling, and you want more of it. The second is where the line sits. ACOG says the doctor should be the one who notices. In practice, you may notice first.
Say this out loud"I hear that you recommend it. I would like to understand the alternative before I decide."

"Is there time for me to think about this, or is this an emergency?"
Where this comes from:
419. Informed consent and shared decision making in obstetrics and gynecology. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 819. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;137(2):e34-e41.
453. Refusal of medically recommended treatment during pregnancy. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 664. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;127(6):e175-e182. Reaffirmed 2019.

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This page is educational. It supports the conversation with your own clinicians. It is not consent to any treatment, and it cannot assess you. If you are worried about a symptom now, see urgent warning signs.