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Evidence Library · What you are owed

Being treated badly is not an expectations problem

Some expectations are not too high. They are simply not met, by people rather than by biology.

This topic exists so that nothing else in this section can be misread as an apology for poor care.

A US study invited women who had been pregnant between 2010 and 2016 to describe how they were treated. Of 2,700 who started the survey, analysis was restricted to the 2,138 who completed it. Everything below is out of those 2,138.

What was reportedWomenShare
Shouted at or scolded by staff1828.5%
Ignored, refused help, or help not given in a reasonable time1667.8%
Physical privacy violated1175.5%
Threatened with withheld treatment, or with forced treatment974.5%
Threatened in some other way442.1%
Physical abuse271.3%
Private information shared without consent261.2%
Any of the above36917.3%

The strongest single association was disagreement. Among women who had a difference of opinion with the clinician caring for them, the crude odds of reporting mistreatment were 22.7 times higher (95% CI 13.9 to 36.9). In plain numbers: among women who had such a disagreement, 83.0% of women of color and 76.4% of white women reported one or more forms of mistreatment.

It also varied by where the birth happened. The first four rows below cover the 1,954 women with a recorded place of birth. The last row is not a fifth setting: it is a group that cuts across the others, so the rows do not add up.

Where she gave birthReported any mistreatment
Hospital213 of 759 (28.1%)
Birth centre inside a hospital40 of 167 (24.0%)
Freestanding birth centre11 of 157 (7.0%)
Home44 of 871 (5.1%)
Transferred to hospital after labor began, a subgroup drawn from the settings above rather than a setting of its own37 of 107 (34.6%)

And it was not evenly distributed. Among women having a first baby, 92 of 282 women of color (32.6%) and 114 of 529 white women (21.6%) reported mistreatment. Among women with low socioeconomic status, 83 of 309 (26.9%) and 74 of 417 (17.7%). Among women with elevated pregnancy risk, 60 of 162 (37.0%) and 60 of 272 (22.1%).

What this study is and is notIt is a convenience sample recruited through social networks and venues, deliberately designed to include many women planning community birth. Of the women with a recorded place of birth, 44.6% gave birth at home and 8.0% in a freestanding birth centre, and about 14% had a cesarean against about 32% nationally. So the 17.3% is not a US national prevalence and should never be quoted as one. The comparisons between settings and between groups are the useful part. The odds ratios above are crude, not adjusted, exactly as the source labels them. And the data are now about a decade old.

It is not only an American problem. A Dutch national survey of 12,239 women who had given birth in the previous five years found that 36.3% reported at least one situation of disrespect or abuse that they found upsetting. Broken down: lack of choices 39.8%, lack of communication 29.9%, lack of support 21.3%, harsh or rough treatment 21.1%. Having a first baby and having a migrant background were risk factors across all categories. That survey was also self-selected, and it reached the same conclusion in a completely different health system.

The distinction that mattersAn expectation that your birth will go a particular way can be defeated by biology. An expectation that you will not be shouted at, ignored, threatened, or uncovered without your consent cannot. Those are not high expectations. They are the content of WHO's first recommendation on care in labor. A woman who was treated badly does not have an expectations problem.
Say this out loud

"I would like that noted in my record, please."

"I am not refusing. I am asking you to explain it to me first."

"Who can I speak to about how this was handled?"

Where this comes from:
432. Vedam S, Stoll K, Taiwo TK, Rubashkin N, Cheyney M, Strauss N, et al; GVtM-US Steering Council. The Giving Voice to Mothers study: inequity and mistreatment during pregnancy and childbirth in the United States. Reprod Health. 2019;16(1):77.
544. van der Pijl MSG, Verhoeven CJM, Verweij R, van der Linden T, Kingma E, Hollander MH, et al. Disrespect and abuse during labour and birth amongst 12,239 women in the Netherlands: a national survey. Reprod Health. 2022;19(1):160.
204. World Health Organization. WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.

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This page is educational. It supports the conversation with your own clinicians. It is not consent to any treatment, and it cannot assess you. If you are worried about a symptom now, see urgent warning signs.