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Evidence Library · Age

Age and your chances, with the numbers that are usually left out

The decline is real. It is also slower than the way it is usually described.

Female age is the strongest single predictor of how quickly a couple conceives. That is not in dispute. What is worth seeing is the actual size of it.

In 782 couples keeping daily intercourse records across seven European centres, the proportion who did not conceive within twelve cycles was:

Woman's ageDid not conceive within 12 cyclesDid conceive within 12 cycles
19 to 268%92%
27 to 3413% to 14%86% to 87%
35 to 3918%82%

The authors also estimated that complete sterility, meaning no chance at all without treatment, ran at about 1% and did not change with age. And among couples who had not conceived after twelve cycles, between 43% and 63% conceived during a further year of trying.

A separate contemporary study followed 2,962 North American couples who had been trying for three cycles or less. Cumulative pregnancy within twelve cycles ranged from 79.3% at ages 25 to 27 down to 55.5% at ages 40 to 45. Fecundability fell in a roughly straight line, with the sharpest drops after 37.

The honest summaryAge lowers your chance per month and lengthens the time it takes. It does not usually take your chance away. More than half of women aged 40 to 45 in a contemporary cohort conceived within a year of trying. ACOG's current statement on this notes that patients significantly overestimate the likelihood of pregnancy at all ages, which cuts both ways: the same counselling that corrects over-optimism should not swing into false despair.

One thing these numbers cannot do is tell you about yourself. They are averages from groups of women who had already been selected in various ways, mostly white, mostly well educated, and in the European study mostly experienced at tracking their own cycles. Your own number is not in this table.

Where this comes from:
1. Dunson DB, Baird DD, Colombo B. Increased infertility with age in men and women. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;103(1):51-56.
4. Wesselink AK, Rothman KJ, Hatch EE, Mikkelsen EM, Sørensen HT, Wise LA. Age and fecundability in a North American preconception cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217(6):667.e1-667.e8.
8. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine; Practice Committee of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. Optimizing natural fertility: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2022;117(1):53-63.
128. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Anticipatory counseling regarding ovarian-factor fertility decline. ACOG Committee Statement No. 22. Obstet Gynecol. 2025;146(5):e98-e104.

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